Detailed Description

This image shows blue spheres representing relative amounts of Earth's water in comparison to the size of the Earth. Are you surprised that these water spheres look so small? They are only small in relation to the size of the Earth. These images attempt to show three dimensions, so each sphere represents "volume." They show that in comparison to the volume of the globe, the amount of water on the planet is very small. Oceans account for only a "thin film" of water on the surface.

Spheres representing all of Earth's water, Earth's liquid fresh water, and water in lakes and rivers

The largest sphere represents all of Earth's water. Its diameter is about 860 miles (the distance from Salt Lake City, Utah, to Topeka, Kansas) and has a volume of about 332,500,000 cubic miles (mi3) (1,386,000,000 cubic kilometers (km3)). This sphere includes all of the water in the oceans, ice caps, lakes, rivers, groundwater, atmospheric water, and even the water in you, your dog, and your tomato plant.

Liquid fresh water

How much of the total water is fresh water, which people and many other life forms need to survive? The blue sphere over Kentucky represents the world's liquid fresh water (groundwater, lakes, swamp water, and rivers). The volume comes to about 2,551,100 mi3 (10,633,450 km3), of which 99 percent is groundwater, much of which is not accessible to humans. The diameter of this sphere is about 169.5 miles (272.8 kilometers).

Water in lakes and rivers

Do you notice the "tiny" bubble over Atlanta, Georgia? That one represents fresh water in all the lakes and rivers on the planet. Most of the water people and life of earth need every day comes from these surface-water sources. The volume of this sphere is about 22,339 mi3 (93,113 km3). The diameter of this sphere is about 34.9 miles (56.2 kilometers). Yes, Lake Michigan looks way bigger than this sphere, but you have to try to imagine a bubble almost 35 miles high—whereas the average depth of Lake Michigan is less than 300 feet (91 meters).

(Source: All of Earth's water in a single sphere! | U.S. Geological Survey (usgs.gov))

Seawater Desalination

Waterbender - Seawater Desalination Technology offers significant advantages over traditional reverse osmosis (RO) methods in water treatment. While standard RO technology typically generates 40-50% wastewater (brine) with an increased salt concentration of 8%, posing a threat to marine ecosystems, Waterbender - Seawater Desalination Technology eliminates this issue by producing 100 tons of potable water and only 4 tons of wet salt from the same volume of seawater, without introducing pollutants back into the ocean. In contrast, standard RO yields around 40-60 tons of purified (non-potable) water per 100 m³ of seawater.

The application of Waterbender - Seawater Desalination Technology in existing reverse osmosis facilities enables

• Doubled volume of potable water production
• Complete halt of harmful brine waste release into the ocean
• Adaptation of this distinctive and unique technology for specific purposes

Waterbender Treatment of Oil & Ballast Water

Waterbender - Oil & Ballast Technology applies innovative thermodynamic processes for the efficient purification of various types of water contaminants, with a focus on oil and oil products, including ballast water contaminated with chemical reagents and sediment from tanker vessels. Waterbender - Oil & Ballast Technology includes the following applications:

• Ballast water treatment
• Highly purified fresh water suitable for storage, industrial use, or environmentally safe release into natural water sources
• Separated oil and oil products with low emulsion
• Solid sediment consisting of chemical substances mixed with seawater
• Hydraulic fracturing water treatment
• Fresh water in large quantities
• Propping agents (small particles, such as sand or ceramics) that maintain fractures in the rock formation during the fracturing process
• Chemical additives, including surfactants, biocides, pH regulators, and other substances, along with trace fracture inhibitors.

Waterbender Treatment of Radioactively Contaminated Water

Waterbender - Radioactive Water Purification Technology is capable of completely removing radioactivity from water. This radioactive pollution can occur from artificial sources, such as the cooling of nuclear reactor fuel elements, as well as from natural sources when groundwater flows underground through granite and other radioactive materials.

Other Applications

The Waterbender Technologies are universal, covering more than 18 different application areas including desalination of seawater, complete purification of brines, treatment of chemical or wastewater, pyrolysis liquids, and ballast water, as well as the removal of arsenic, lead, mercury, and other groundwater contaminants.

The system is extremely low in energy consumption and is capable of harnessing wind energy as well. It does not require consumables, filters, membranes, chemicals, reagents, inhibitors, coagulants, filters, cathodes, anodes, etc. Productivity can be increased by using multiple 40-foot-long, linearly expanding capacity devices.

The introduction and effective dissemination of this technology across international markets holds immense potential for fostering environmentally conscious practices. Furthermore, the PPPP technology can contribute to global educational endeavors undertaken by social organizations aiming to cultivate awareness regarding the untapped energy potential residing within non-recycled plastic waste, detrimental to our environment. Additionally, this technology unlocks new avenues, including island-mode operation, for providing electricity as well as thermal and/or cooling energy to regions grappling with pervasive poverty. These areas often face limitations in terms of industrial manufacturing and agricultural capacity, resulting from inadequate infrastructure and limited access to electricity, leading to fewer employment opportunities.

In the event of a natural or any other disaster, the mobile technology, operating in island mode, and raw materials can be relocated to the site of need within 48 hours. Furthermore, as an integral part of the emergency response, the produced oil can be efficiently transported to priority strategic, security, and recovery areas, serving as a crucial safety reserve.

PPPP represents the ultimate solution for the management of mixed plastic waste that eludes recycling through traditional means. This innovative approach ensures the safeguarding of the environment against the substantial volume of accumulated plastic waste from the past and the ongoing accrual.

Estimates indicate that achieving complete recycling of global plastic waste could result in energy savings equivalent to 3.5 billion barrels of oil annually. Recycling a single ton of plastic waste has the potential to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 2 tons. By attaining a volume of 15 million tons of recycled plastics per year by 2030, which represents roughly half of the projected waste generation, carbon emissions could be reduced to an extent comparable to removing 15 million cars from the roads. (11)

(Source 11: https://presse.ademe.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/FEDEREC_ACV-du-Recyclage-en-France-VF.pdf)

The thermo-chemical conversion technology (TCC) differs from the commonly known pyrolysis. The Plastics Power Plant operates on only electricity during its entire operation; it does not use gas to break down plastic. The heat required for decomposition is provided by the self-developed "Super Heater" electric heating system. Mixed plastic waste is converted into storable energy carriers and then into electricity in a closed (anaerobic) system using thermo-chemical decomposition.

Turbia Emission

The OP16 Gas Turbine's combustion technology is specifically designed to meet stringent emissions requirements. With the capability to maintain NOx and CO2 emissions well below 5g/kWh while operating on natural gas fuel, the OP16 Gas Turbine complies with the IMO Tier III emission guidelines without the need for additional abatement systems, ensuring that the OP16 Gas Turbines are not only compliant but also readily deployable engines. Moreover, these turbines exhibit significantly reduced CO2 emissions compared to reciprocating engines, further contributing to environmental sustainability. Additionally, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that typically evaporate from crude oil present challenges for traditional engines due to their volatile nature and varying composition. However, the OP16 Gas Turbines effectively mitigate the release of VOCs through efficient combustion processes, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting environmental stewardship in maritime operations.

• Carbon dioxide (CO2): CO2 emission depends on the amount of fuel burned in the turbine. The standard calculation of emission is Input Value (liter/year) x 2.653 (Emission Factor for Diesel) = Output Value (kilogram of CO2). CO2 emissions are easily mitigated by planting trees and shrubs around the PPPP.

• Sulfur dioxide (SO2): SO2 emission depends on the quality of diesel used in the turbine. The diesel feedstock produced by the PPPP is high quality, low sulfur content. As a result, SO2 emission is low. SO2 emission can be mitigated by using alkaline-based sorbents to neutralize the acidic SO2 gas.

• Nitrogen oxides (NOx): NOx emission depends on the size/output of the turbine. Depending on the size of the turbine, NOx emission is 15-25 ppmvd (parts per million by volume dry) that meets international standards.